![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The opposite of lateral or centrifugal force.ĬROSS PATTERN - The sequential torquing of the lug nuts in a pattern across from one another.ĬROSS-SECTION WIDTH - External sidewall- to-sidewall measurement of inflated tire, exclusive of ornamental ribs and lettering. See Footprint.ĬONTROL ARM - A device used to connect the unsprung position of a suspension to the sprung chassis, which allows suspension travel.ĬORD - Fabric or steel wire strands forming plies and belts in tires.ĬORD ANGLE - The degree at which the plies or belts cross the centerline of any given tire.ĬORNERING FORCE - The force that turns a vehicle around a corner. (Cause of radial tire pull.)ĬONTACT PATCH – The part of the tire in contact with the road surface. In radial tires, it also constrains the outside diameter against inflation pressure and centrifugal force.īELT EDGE WEDGE OR INSERT - An extrusion of rubber placed under the edges of a belt used in radial tires to improve durability.īLADDER - A rubber bag used inside a tire during the molding and curing process contains hot water or steam which presses the inside of the tire into the mold.īLOCK - Part of a tire tread pattern created by lateral (side-to-side) grooves.īODY - Tire structure except for tread and sidewall rubber.īOLT CIRCLE - Often referred to as the wheel bolt pattern the diameter of an imaginary circle drawn through the center of each lug hole.īRAKING TORQUE - Torque applied by a brake to a tire/wheel assembly, which slows or stops the vehicle.īREAKAWAY - The point at which tire cornering traction is lost.īUMP STEER - A steering effect resulting from toe or camber changes as the suspension moves up and down.ĬONICITY - Quality or state of being conical. Also used in enlarged form to stiffen the lower sidewall of a tire.īEAD SEAT - The position where the tire rests and seals on the inside of the rim.īELT - An assembly of fabrics and/or wire used to reinforce a tire’s tread area. Sometimes referred to as a Gymkhana or solo.ĪXLE - A cross support of a vehicle on which its road wheels turn.īACKSPACING - The measurement from the back of the bolt pad to the back edge of the rim used to calculate offset and determine where the back of the bolt pad is located in relation to the rim width, sometimes referred to as rear spacing.īALANCE - A uniform mass distribution of a tire and wheel assembly about its axis of rotation.īALE RUBBER - The form in which solid rubber is shipped to tire manufacturers.īALL JOINT - A ball-and-socket connection that lets a steering knuckle move in several directions at the same time.īANBURY MIXER - An enclosed mixing machine for the production of rubber materialsīEAD - The area of the mounted tire which seats against the wheelīEAD FILLER - A rubber extrusion in the bead area of a tire used to permit a smooth contour of casing plies around the bead and to the lower sidewall. It provides a means to achieve good handling from stiff roll resistance while maintaining the tire’s contact patch.ĪSPECT RATIO - The dimensional relationship between tire section height and section width section height divided by section width.ĪUTOCROSS - Type of auto competition where cars traverse a twisting course marked by pylons. As the car leans in a turn, the anti-roll bar resists this leaning by transferring more weight to the outside tire. Also, the adjustment of components to bring them into a predetermined position for the most efficient operation of wheel and vehicle for proper even tire wear.ĪLPHA-NUMERIC - A load-based tire sizing system containing the load capacity, expressed as a letter (i.e.: A, B, C, etc.) type of tire construction, aspect ratio, and the rim diameter in inches.ĪNTIOXIDANT - A chemical, which when added to a rubber compound, prevents surface oxidation used in tire tread and sidewall compounds to prevent weather checking and cracking.ĪNTI-ROLL BAR - A steel bar, linking the left and right side of a suspension. ACCELERATOR - A chemical, which speeds the vulcanization of rubber used in tire compounds to reduce curing time.ĪCTIVATOR - A rubber compound chemical used to help initiate the vulcanization process.ĪDJUSTMENT - A prescribed allowance given to a customer toward the replacement of product pursuant to the warranty.ĪGING - Deterioration of physical and chemical properties of rubber by oxidation over a period of time.ĪIR PRESSURE - Force exerted by air within a tire, expressed in pounds per square inch or kilopascals (kPa).ĪLIGNMENT - Angles of the tire and suspension axis relative to each other and the ground: camber, caster, toe. ![]()
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